Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Care among People with HIV in the USA

A Systematic Literature Review

Authors

  • Sabina Nduaguba West Virginia University
  • Akemi Wijayabahu Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA ;-Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA ;-Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA (Current Affiliation)
  • Mmadili Ilozumba Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;-Department of Population Sciences, University of Utah, USA
  • Safalta Khadka Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
  • Lauren Adkins Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
  • Robert Cook Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA ;-Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56226/134

Keywords:

HIV, Cancer, Ethnic disparity, race/ethnicity, systematic review

Abstract

Background: People with HIV (PwH) are at heightened cancer risk, but racial/ethnic disparities across the cancer care are not well understood. Our systematic review examined racial/ethnic differences in cancer risk, screening, treatment, and survival/mortality among PwH.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and EMBASE for studies published in English (01/01/1980-05/30/2023), using key words and MeSH terms “race/ethnicity”, “cancer”, and “HIV”. Paired reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment Tool. All eligible studies were included, regardless of quality, to identify research gaps.

Results: Of the 26 eligible studies, 11 assessed cancer risk only, 4 screening, 5 treatment, and 3 survival/mortality only, while 3 assessed both cancer risk and mortality. Risk studies focused on human papilloma virus-related (4), Kaposi sarcoma (4), urogenital (3), and lung (1) cancers. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), Kaposi sarcoma risk appeared higher among Black men than white, but lower in HHV-8 seropositive MSM. Screening studies on cervical (3), breast (3), and colorectal (2) cancers showed no evidence of disparity. Treatment studies on lymphoma (3) and multiple cancers combined (3) found Black individuals were less likely to receive treatment than their White counterparts. Most studies were rated fair (14) or poor (12).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are racial/ethnic disparities of cancer risk, treatment, and mortality/survival outcomes but no observable disparities related to cancer screening among PwH. Additional research on distinct cancer types to expand the breadth of evidence will address existing gaps in knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities among individuals with PwH at risk or living with cancer.

Contributions to Evidence-Based Practice: Racial/ethnic disparities of cancer risk, treatment, and mortality/survival outcomes but no observable disparities related to cancer screening among PwH. Additional research on distinct cancer types to expand the breadth of evidence will address existing gaps in knowledge to allow for the planning of tailored interventions to provide a more equitable healthcare for individuals at risk or living with cancer in PwH.

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20-11-2025

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Nduaguba, S., Wijayabahu, A., Ilozumba, M., Khadka, S., Adkins, L., & Cook, R. (2025). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Care among People with HIV in the USA: A Systematic Literature Review. International Healthcare Review (online). https://doi.org/10.56226/134

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